First-Time Buyer GuideWriting an Offer
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How to use this guide: reference this before writing an offer or as escrow moves forward — it covers what goes into an offer and the typical 21-day closing timeline in California.
Part 1 — Offer Terms Checklist

Purchase Price & Financing

  • Offer price, down payment amount & percentage, loan amount
  • Loan type: conventional, FHA, VA, or USDA
  • Max interest rate (your ceiling — e.g. “not to exceed 7.0%”)
  • Lender pre-approval letter + proof of funds required with offer

Earnest Money Deposit (EMD)

  • Typically 1–3% of purchase price; due within 3 business days of acceptance
  • Paid via cashier’s check or wire — held by escrow
  • Refundable within contingency windows; at risk once contingencies are removed

Contingencies

  • Inspection — Right to inspect; typical window 10–17 days
  • Appraisal — Protects buyer if property appraises below purchase price
  • Loan — Protects buyer if financing falls through; 17–21 day window
  • Title — Clear title must be confirmed before close
Missing a contingency deadline = waiving your right to cancel

Required Disclosures

  • Transfer Disclosure Statement (TDS) & Seller Property Questionnaire (SPQ)
  • Natural Hazard Disclosure (NHD) & Preliminary Title Report
  • HOA documents — CC&Rs, financials, meeting minutes (if applicable)

Credits, Closing & Possession

  • Seller credits toward closing costs (dollar amount or % of purchase price)
  • Home warranty — who pays, which plan
  • Close of escrow date — 21 days from acceptance (your contract)
  • Possession at COE, or seller rent-back terms if applicable

Offer Logistics

  • Expiration: typically 24–72 hours after submission
  • Escalation clause (optional) — auto-increases your bid up to a set max
  • Buyer agent compensation must be agreed in writing (BRBC) before touring
Part 2 — Escrow Timeline (California · 21-Day Close)
Day 0
Offer Accepted
RPA countersigned · Escrow opened · Preliminary title report ordered
Days 1–3
EMD Due
Wire earnest money to escrow · Submit pre-approval letter & proof of funds to listing agent
Days 1–14
Inspection Period (14 days)
Schedule & complete all inspections · Review seller disclosures & preliminary title report · Submit Request for Repairs if needed · Deadline: Day 14
Days 1–17
Loan & Appraisal Contingency (17 days)
Lender orders appraisal · Appraisal delivered · Remove loan & appraisal contingencies · Lender issues conditional approval · Deadline: Day 17
Days 17–19
Full Loan Approval
Unconditional (clear-to-close) approval issued · Title cleared · Hazard insurance bound · Final conditions submitted to lender
Days 19–20
Loan Docs & Signing
Lender sends loan docs to escrow · Closing Disclosure delivered · Buyer & seller sign with notary
Day 20
Final Walk-Through & Funding
Confirm repairs & property condition · Wire down payment + closing costs · Lender funds loan
Day 21
Close of Escrow
County records the deed · Escrow releases funds to seller · Keys transferred to buyer